Synthesis and characterization of flame retarded rigid polyurethane foams with different types of blowing agents
Authors:
- Marcin Zemła,
- Sławomir Michałowski,
- Aleksander Prociak
Abstract
In this study, rigid polyurethane foams modified with non-halogenated flame retardant were obtained. The foams were synthesized using two systems containing different blowing agents. In the first one, cyclopentane and water were used as a mixture of blowing agents, and in the second one, only water was used as a chemical blowing agent. The systems were modified with the additive phosphorus flame retardant Roflam F5. The obtained modified foams were tested for their flammability and basic properties, such as apparent density, closed-cell contents and analyses of the cell structures, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and water absorption. Increasing the content of Roflam F5 caused a decrease in temperature during the combustion of the material and extended the burning time. The addition of 1.0 wt.% phosphorus derived from Roflam F5 caused the modified rigid polyurethane foam to become a self-extinguishing material. The increase in the content of Roflam F5 caused a decrease in the total heat release and the maximum heat release rate during the pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry. The foams with the highest content of flame retardant and foamed with a chemical-physical and chemical blowing agent had a lower total heat release by 19% and 11%, respectively, compared to reference foams.
- Record ID
- CUT77549c9cae9442e49679879f60c098b0
- Publication categories
- ;
- Author
- Journal series
- Materials, ISSN , e-ISSN 1996-1944, Biweekly
- Issue year
- 2023
- Vol
- 16
- No
- 22
- Pages
- [1-16]
- Article number
- 7217
- Other elements of collation
- fot.; tab.; wykr.; Bibliografia (na s.) - 14-16; Bibliografia (liczba pozycji) - 49; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.; Numeracja w czasopiśmie - Vol. 16, Iss. 22
- Substantive notes
- Special Issue: Advances in Development and Characterization of Polyurethane Foams
- Keywords in English
- material testing, thermal properties, mechanical properties, rigid polyurethane foams, halogen-free phosphorus flame retardant
- ASJC Classification
- DOI
- DOI:10.3390/ma16227217 Opening in a new tab
- URL
- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/22/7217 Opening in a new tab
- Language
- eng (en) English
- License
- Score (nominal)
- 140
- Score source
- journalList
- Score
- Publication indicators
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUT77549c9cae9442e49679879f60c098b0/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUT77549c9cae9442e49679879f60c098b0
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.