The variability of maximum daily precipitation and the underlying circulation conditions in Kraków, Southern Poland
Authors:
- Robert Twardosz,
- Marta Cebulska,
- Izabela Guzik
Abstract
This article studies the intra-annual and long-term variability in the maximum daily precipitation totals and their association with atmospheric circulation in Kraków. It investigates daily precipitation maxima by year and by month. The research is based on daily precipitation totals in the years 1863–2021 and draws on the calendar of atmospheric circulation types by Niedźwiedź. It examines the frequency of precipitation maxima in individual months and their variation from one year to another. No statistically significant trend of change in precipitation over the study period has been found. All annual maximum daily precipitation totals in Kraków fall into the category of heavy precipitation (>10 mm), and almost 99% qualify as very heavy (>20 mm). In the summer months, these are about 3–4 times higher than in winter. The share of the daily precipitation maximum in the monthly total exceeds 30% in all months. The maximum daily precipitation occurring on 5 August 2021 was the highest in the period that extends from the start of instrumental measurements. The study period saw 12 cases of maximum precipitation that belong to ‘flood-inducing’ categories (over 70 mm/day). Such cases of the very heaviest precipitation occurred in cyclonic situations: Cc, Bc, Nc, NEc, Ec and SEc. Most spring and summer maxima were seen on days with a cyclonic circulation. The instances of high daily precipitation in the Kraków area led to the flooding of residential and historic buildings, as well as of municipal infrastructure.
- Record ID
- CUT901ca9648b8445818641eb448dcd1fa6
- Publication categories
- ;
- Author
- Journal series
- Water, ISSN , e-ISSN 2073-4441, Biweekly
- Issue year
- 2023
- Vol
- 15
- No
- 21
- Pages
- [1-14]
- Article number
- 3772
- Other elements of collation
- mapy; tab.; wykr.; Bibliografia (na s.) - 13-14; Bibliografia (liczba pozycji) - 41; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.; Numeracja w czasopiśmie - Vol. 15, Iss. 21
- Substantive notes
- Special Issue: Impact of Water and Climate Change on the Environment and Human Activities
- Keywords in English
- maximum daily precipitation, linear trend, atmospheric circulation, urban area, Poland
- ASJC Classification
- ; ; ;
- DOI
- DOI:10.3390/w15213772 Opening in a new tab
- URL
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/21/3772 Opening in a new tab
- Language
- eng (en) English
- License
- Score (nominal)
- 100
- Score source
- journalList
- Score
- Publication indicators
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUT901ca9648b8445818641eb448dcd1fa6/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUT901ca9648b8445818641eb448dcd1fa6
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.