Effect of hybrid filler, carbon black–lignocellulose, on fire hazard reduction, including PAHs and PCDDs/Fs of natural rubber composites
Authors:
- Przemysław Rybiński,
- Ulugbek Zakirovich Mirkhodjaev,
- Witold Żukowski,
- Dariusz Bradło,
- Adam Gawlik,
- Jakub Zamachowski,
- Monika Żelezik,
- Marcin Masłowski,
- Justyna Miedzianowska
Abstract
The smoke emitted during thermal decomposition of elastomeric composites contains a significant number of carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds from the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, as well as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans, PCDDs/Fs. By replacing carbon black with a specific amount of lignocellulose filler, we noticeably reduced the fire hazard caused by elastomeric composites. The lignocellulose filler reduced the parameters associated with the flammability of the tested composites, decreased the smoke emission, and limited the toxicity of gaseous decomposition products expressed as a toximetric indicator and the sum of PAHs and PCDDs/Fs. The natural filler also reduced emission of gases that constitute the basis for determination of the value of the toximetric indicator WLC50SM. The flammability and optical density of the smoke were determined in accordance with the applicable European standards, with the use of a cone calorimeter and a chamber for smoke optical density tests. PCDD/F and PAH were determined using the GCMS-MS technique. The toximetric indicator was determined using the FB-FTIR method (fluidised bed reactor and the infrared spectrum analysis).
- Record ID
- CUTcf34f268ae7e4ab280acf1b5656e2249
- Publication categories
- ;
- Author
- Journal series
- Polymers, ISSN , e-ISSN 2073-4360, Biweekly
- Issue year
- 2023
- Vol
- 15
- No
- 8
- Pages
- [1-22]
- Article number
- 1975
- Other elements of collation
- rys.; schem.; tab.; wykr.; Bibliografia (na s.) - 21-22; Bibliografia (liczba pozycji) - 43; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.; Numeracja w czasopiśmie - Vol. 15, Iss. 8
- Substantive notes
- This article belongs to the Special Issue: Synthesis, Processing, Structure and Properties of Polymer Materials II
- Keywords in English
- NR rubber, natural filler, fire hazard, smoke density, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, toxicometric index
- ASJC Classification
- ;
- DOI
- DOI:10.3390/polym15081975 Opening in a new tab
- URL
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/8/1975 Opening in a new tab
- Related project
- Redukcja zanieczyszczeń powietrza atmosferycznego w wyniku produkcji pro-ekologicznych materiałów elastomerowych. . Project leader at PK: , ,
- Language
- eng (en) English
- License
- Score (nominal)
- 100
- Score source
- journalList
- Score
- Publication indicators
- Additional fields
- Indeksowana w: Web of Science, Scopus
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUTcf34f268ae7e4ab280acf1b5656e2249/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUTcf34f268ae7e4ab280acf1b5656e2249
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.