An investigation of the ground walnut shells’ addition effect on the properties of the fly ash-based geopolymer
Authors:
- Barbara Kozub,
- João Castro-Gomes
Abstract
The development of geopolymers is in line with the requirements of sustainable development. Creating a new type of material from various industrial and bio-based wastes and by-products can lead to reduced energy consumption, reduced waste generation, reduced global CO2 emissions, as well as reduced resource extraction of natural resources. In this study, geopolymer composites based on class F fly ash with the addition of fine quartz sand and ground walnut shells used as a substitute for sand were examined. The study focused on investigating the effects of different weight percentages of ground walnut shells and quartz sand on the density and strength properties, including compressive and flexural strength, thermal conductivity, efflorescence formation, and water absorption of the fly ash-based geopolymer composites. The microstructure of the studied geopolymers was also analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that the addition of ground walnut shells contributes to the decrease in density and mechanical properties, increase in absorption properties, and decrease in porosity of fly ash-based geopolymers. Furthermore, the addition of ground walnut shells allows for a significant reduction in efflorescence on the surface of the tested geopolymer composites. Moreover, partial or complete replacement of sand by ground walnut shells in geopolymer composites based on fly ash allows for a significant reduction in their thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to use these composites as insulation materials.
- Record ID
- CUT7f832f51f66e4595b119b07354daa86a
- Publication categories
- ;
- Author
- Journal series
- Materials, ISSN , e-ISSN 1996-1944, Biweekly
- Issue year
- 2022
- Vol
- 15
- No
- 11
- Pages
- [1-16]
- Article number
- 3936
- Other elements of collation
- il. (w tym kolor.); Bibliografia (na s.) - 14-16; Bibliografia (liczba pozycji) - 67; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.; Numeracja w czasopiśmie - Vol. 15, Iss. 11
- Keywords in English
- fly ash, geopolymer, ground walnut shells, efflorescence, thermal conductivity, water absorption
- ASJC Classification
- DOI
- DOI:10.3390/ma15113936 Opening in a new tab
- URL
- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/3936 Opening in a new tab
- Related project
- E-mobilność oraz zrównoważone materiały i technologie. . Project leader at PK: , ,
- Language
- eng (en) English
- License
- Score (nominal)
- 140
- Score source
- journalList
- Score
- Publication indicators
- Additional fields
- Indeksowana w: Web of Science, Scopus
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUT7f832f51f66e4595b119b07354daa86a/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUT7f832f51f66e4595b119b07354daa86a
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.