Optimizing the l/s ratio in geopolymers for the production of large-size elements with 3D printing technology
Authors:
- Joanna Marczyk,
- Celina Ziejewska,
- Kinga Pławecka,
- Agnieszka Bąk,
- Michał Łach,
- Kinga Korniejenko,
- Izabela Hager,
- Janusz Mikuła,
- Wei-Ting Lin,
- Marek Hebda
Abstract
Geopolymer concretes can be a viable alternative to conventional Portland cement-based materials. In their design, it is important to maintain an appropriate liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), which affects several properties, such as the compressive strength, water absorption, and frost resistance. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of the fly-ash and metakaolin precursor types for three different L/S ratios: 0.30, 0.35, and 0.45. The results of the physical and mechanical properties, including the apparent density and compressive strength, as well the durability parameters, including frost resistance and water penetration depth, are presented in this paper. It was found that as the L/S ratio decreased, the average compressive strength increased for all materials. After freeze–thaw cycles, decreases in the compressive strength properties were observed for all types of materials—metakaolin- and fly ash-based—irrespective of the L/S ratio. Moreover, the frost resistance of geopolymers increased with the increase in the L/S ratio. The printability of the mixes was also verified in order to confirm the application of the developed materials to additive manufacturing processes.
- Record ID
- CUT3019ba1fae5a4b4db8e1dc0b3935076e
- Publication categories
- ;
- Author
- Journal series
- Materials, ISSN , e-ISSN 1996-1944, Biweekly
- Issue year
- 2022
- Vol
- 15
- No
- 9
- Pages
- 1-18
- Article number
- 3362
- Other elements of collation
- fot.; tab.; wykr.; Bibliografia (na s.) - 15-18; Bibliografia (liczba pozycji) - 73; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.; Numeracja w czasopiśmie - Vol. 15, Iss. 9, Spec. Iss.
- Substantive notes
- Spec. Iss.: Geopolymers and Alkali-Activated Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
- Keywords in English
- geopolymer, frost resistance, liquid/solid ratio, additive manufacturing, 3D printing
- ASJC Classification
- DOI
- DOI:10.3390/ma15093362 Opening in a new tab
- URL
- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/9/3362 Opening in a new tab
- Related project
- Language
- eng (en) English
- License
- Score (nominal)
- 140
- Score source
- journalList
- Score
- Publication indicators
- Additional fields
- Indeksowana w: Web of Science, Scopus
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUT3019ba1fae5a4b4db8e1dc0b3935076e/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUT3019ba1fae5a4b4db8e1dc0b3935076e
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.