Formulation of a stable biocosmetic nanoemulsion using a Bacillus lipopeptide as the green-emulsifier for skin-care applications
Authors:
- Neela Gayathri Ganesan,
- Małgorzata A. Miastkowska,
- Jolanta Pulit-Prociak,
- Pinaki Dey,
- Vivek Rangarajan
Abstract
The current work aims to formulate a stable cosmetic nanoemulsion using nature-derived ingredients such as surfactin (a lipopeptide-type biosurfactant produced by Bacillus sp) as an emulsifier, plant-based essential oil as a bioactive ingredient, and coconut oil as the base oil using high-energy ultrasonication method. To accomplish a stable nanoemulsion formulation, experiments with varying combinations of surfactin concentration, essential oil concentration, ultrasonication time, and amplitude were performed. Statistical analysis of samples, based on the responses such as visual observation, droplet size, and polydispersity index, facilitated proper segregation of best-performing samples from those of poorly performing. Nanoemulsions formulated using optimal conditions of oil-to-surfactant ratio (O/S) of 7.4:1 (%w/w), ultrasonication amplitude of 40%, and ultrasonication time of 4.5 min showed greater stability with average droplets size of 170 ± 12 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.17 ± 0.01 and zeta potential of −56 ± 0.5 mV. The nanoemulsion remained completely stable with no sign of phase separation during the test period of 200 days. Further, the performance of samples toward different stability tests such as heat treatment, centrifugation test, NaCl treatment was satisfactory. In addition, nanoemulsion exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, the current study demonstrates the imminent potential of surfactin as a bio-emulsifier in skin-care cosmetics.
- Record ID
- CUTe4fc892b99e4434cb588931fab2828ff
- Publication categories
- ;
- Author
- Journal series
- Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, ISSN 0193-2691, e-ISSN 1532-2351
- Issue year
- 2023
- Vol
- 44
- No
- 11
- Pages
- 2045-2057
- Other elements of collation
- rys.; tab.; wykr.; Bibliografia (na s.) - 2055-2057; Bibliografia (liczba pozycji) - 65; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.; Data udostępnienia on-line - 2022-04-18; Numeracja w czasopiśmie - Vol. 44, Iss. 11
- Substantive notes
- Supplemental data: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/suppl/10.1080/01932691.2022.2059502
- Keywords in English
- nanoemulsion, green cosmetics, surfactin, essential oil, oil droplet size, nanoemulsion stability
- ASJC Classification
- ; ;
- DOI
- DOI:10.1080/01932691.2022.2059502 Opening in a new tab
- URL
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01932691.2022.2059502 Opening in a new tab
- Language
- eng (en) English
- Score (nominal)
- 40
- Score source
- journalList
- Score
- Publication indicators
- Additional fields
- Indeksowana w: Web of Science, Scopus
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUTe4fc892b99e4434cb588931fab2828ff/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUTe4fc892b99e4434cb588931fab2828ff
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.