Nanoparticles as flame retardants in polymer materials: mode of action, synergy effects, and health/environmental risks
Authors:
- Sławomir Michałowski,
- Krzysztof Pielichowski
Abstract
The flammability hazard of polymeric materials is an important issue in context of health and environmental risks, especially if nanomaterials are applied to modify polymer matrices. The use of nanoparticles can provide an increased fire resistance of polymer composites through char layer formation giving an effective barrier protection, labyrinth effect, and molecular mobility suppression; however, free nanoparticles (dry, dispersible single particles or agglomerates) may enter the gaseous phase during combustion processes, creating a risk as they may penetrate into the human body. Extensive research programs initiated to develop novel nanostructured flame retardants for polymeric materials have already shown some beneficial effects such as reduced heat release rate, reduced drip and improved self-extinguishing properties, and the formation of char residue on the surface of polymeric materials. However, the health and environmental hazards associated with the use of nanoparticles that may show cytotoxicity as fillers or flame retardants in combination with other flame retardants to obtain novel hybrid systems in polymeric materials should be taken into account, as possible accumulation of nanoparticles in the human body can lead to complex interactions with human cells and affect primarily both cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
- Record ID
- CUT496eb20bd6e34f0e9d65758b4f885976
- Publication type
- Publication categories
- ; ;
- Author
- Pages
- 375-415
- Other elements of collation
- il.; Bibliografia (na s.) - 408-415; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.
- Substantive notes
- DOI: 10.1016/C2019-0-01197-1 (całość)
- Book
- Njuguna James, James Njuguna Pielichowski Krzysztof, Krzysztof Pielichowski Zhu Huijun Huijun Zhu (eds.): Health and environmental safety of nanomaterials : polymer nanocomposites and other materials containing nanoparticles, Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, 2021, Duxford [etc.], Elsevier, Elsevier, Woodhead Publishing, XXII, 534 p., ISBN 978-0-12-820510-5 (online). DOI:10.1016/C2019-0-01197-1 Opening in a new tab
- Keywords in English
- nanoparticles, polymer nanocomposites, flame retardants, toxicity, health and environmental risks
- URL
- https://www.elsevier.com/books/health-and-environmental-safety-of-nanomaterials/njuguna/978-0-12-820505-1 Opening in a new tab
- Language
- eng (en) English
- Score (nominal)
- 0
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUT496eb20bd6e34f0e9d65758b4f885976/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUT496eb20bd6e34f0e9d65758b4f885976
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.