High-temperature fluidized bed processing of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) as a way to recover raw materials
Authors:
- Witold Żukowski,
- Amelia Kowalska,
- Jan Wrona
Abstract
This paper explores the effectiveness of metal recovery and values of gaseous emissions during thermal e-waste processing followed by magnetic separation. The thermal process of conversion of this kind of waste is difficult due to the uncertainty of the operation when compared to the processing of homogeneous materials. This is due to their complex and heterogeneous structure. The adoption of the fluidized bed reactor makes the process feasible, stabilizing it significantly and limiting emissions of harmful gases. Mobile cellphones were used as the raw input material of 450 g total mass. During the thermal transformation, the exhaust gases such as: CO, CO2, NOx, SO2, HCI, HBr, HCN, NH3, phenol, hydrocarbons, HF and COCI2 were analysed. The thermal treatment resulted in 333.6 g of solids in the fluidized bed. They were fragmented into grains smaller than 1 mm and 0.5 mm. The process of magnetic enrichment was used next on grains greater than 1 mm and smaller than 0.5 mm. The process was carried out using a neodymium magnet for particles >1 mm and a plate electromagnetic separator (powered by a three-phase current) together with a 1-disc tape-type separator, which was used for particles <1 mm. Such an approach resulted in the recovery of 81.9% of cobalt, 96.6% of iron and 99.2% of neodymium. The most efficient method of magnetic enriching (MS) proved to be the use of the electromagnetic plate separator.
- Record ID
- CUT4a4515397ce14833b74dd7cbff05f0de
- Publication categories
- ;
- Author
- Journal series
- Energies, ISSN , e-ISSN 1996-1073, Biweekly
- Issue year
- 2021
- Vol
- 14
- No
- 18
- Pages
- [1-23]
- Article number
- 5639
- Other elements of collation
- fot.; schem.; tab.; wykr.; Bibliografia (na s.) - 21-23; Bibliografia (liczba pozycji) - 49; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.; Numeracja w czasopiśmie - Vol. 14, Iss. 18, Spec. Iss.
- Substantive notes
- Special Issue: Computational Thermal, Energy, and Environmental Engineering
- Keywords in English
- WEEE, MPhW, PCBA, thermal treatment, fluidised bed, magnetic enrichment
- DOI
- DOI:10.3390/en14185639 Opening in a new tab
- URL
- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/18/5639 Opening in a new tab
- Language
- eng (en) English
- License
- Score (nominal)
- 140
- Publication indicators
- = 3
- Additional fields
- Indeksowana w: Web of Science, Scopus
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUT4a4515397ce14833b74dd7cbff05f0de/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUT4a4515397ce14833b74dd7cbff05f0de
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.