Structure and some physicochemical and functional properties of water treated under ammonia with low-temperature low-pressure glow plasma of low frequency
Authors:
- Aleksandra Ciesielska,
- Wojciech Ciesielski,
- Henryk Kołoczek,
- Damian Kulawik,
- Joanna Kończyk,
- Zdzislaw Oszczęda,
- Piotr Tomasik
Abstract
Deionized, tap and two kinds of commercially available mineralized water, after supplementation with ammonia, were treated with low-pressure, low-temperature glow plasma (GP) of low frequency. Treating hard water with ammonia provided the removal of permanent and temporary water hardness already at room temperature. On such treatment, mineralized water supplemented with ammonia was partly demineralized. Precipitated rhombohedral deposit from hard water did not turn into scale even when maintained in suspension for 3 days at around 90°C. In such manner, the use of other chemicals for prevention from the scale formation and/or for the scale removal is entirely dispensable. The rate and yield of precipitation depended on the concentration of admixed ammonia and the GP treatment time. Ammonia served as a ligand of calcium, magnesium and ferric central atoms of corresponding salts constituting the hardness. Moreover, ammonia constituting the atmosphere of the treatment was arrested inside aqueous clathrates. So, stabilized ammonia solutions could potentially be utilized as an environmentalfriendly nitrogen fertilizer. The precipitate could also be utilized for the same purpose.
- Record ID
- CUTcb90f0ac68794586b8d7d6104850865a
- Publication categories
- ;
- Author
- Journal series
- Open Chemistry, ISSN 2391-5420, e-ISSN 2391-5420, Annual
- Issue year
- 2020
- Vol
- 18
- No
- 1
- Pages
- 1195-1206
- Other elements of collation
- tab.; wykr.; Bibliografia (na s.) - 1206; Bibliografia (liczba pozycji) - 21; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.; Numeracja w czasopiśmie - Vol. 18, Iss. 1
- Keywords in English
- ammonia ligand, aqueous clathtrates, environmentally friendly nitrogen fertilizer, scale prevention
- DOI
- DOI:10.1515/chem-2020-0166 Opening in a new tab
- URL
- https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/chem/18/1/article-p1195.xml Opening in a new tab
- Language
- eng (en) English
- License
- Score (nominal)
- 70
- Additional fields
- Indeksowana w: Scopus
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUTcb90f0ac68794586b8d7d6104850865a/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUTcb90f0ac68794586b8d7d6104850865a
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.