Photochemical study of a new bimolecular photoinitiating system for vat photopolymerization 3D printing techniques under visible light
Authors:
- Paweł Fiedor,
- Maciej Pilch,
- Patryk Szymaszek,
- Anna Chachaj-Brekiesz,
- Mariusz Galek,
- Joanna Ortyl
Abstract
In this work, we presented a new bimolecular photoinitiating system based on 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives as visible photosensitizers of diphenyliodonium salt. Real-time FTIR and photo-DSC photopolymerization experiments with a cycloaliphatic epoxide and vinyl monomers showed surprisingly good reactivity of the bimolecular photoinitiating systems under UV-A, as well as under visible light sources. Steady-state photolysis, fluorescence experiments, theoretical calculations of molecular orbitals, and electrochemical analysis demonstrated photo-redox behavior as well as the ability to form initiating species via photo-reduction or photo-oxidation pathways, respectively. Therefore, the 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives were also investigated as a type II free-radical photoinitiator with amine. It was confirmed that the 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives, in combination with different types of additives, e.g., amine as a co-initiator or the presence of onium salt, can act as bimolecular photoinitiating systems for cationic, free-radical, and thiol-ene photopolymerization processes by hydrogen abstraction and/or electron transfer reactions stimulated by either near-UV or visible light irradiation. Finally, the 2-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives were selected for 3D printing rapid prototyping experiments. Test objects were successfully printed using purely cationic photosensitive resin, created on a 3D printer with a visible LED light source.
- Record ID
- CUTdc97ab6fbcca4e1ab62084d888563054
- Publication categories
- ;
- Author
- Journal series
- Catalysts, ISSN , e-ISSN 2073-4344, Monthly
- Issue year
- 2020
- Vol
- 10
- No
- 3
- Pages
- [1-30]
- Article number
- 284
- Other elements of collation
- fot.; rys.; tab.; wykr.; Bibliografia (na s.) - 28-30; Bibliografia (liczba pozycji) - 42; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.; Numeracja w czasopiśmie - Vol. 10, Iss. 3, Spec. Iss.
- Substantive notes
- Special Issue: Recent Advances in Photoredox Catalysts
- Keywords in English
- photopolymerization, photo-redox initiating system, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, digital light processing, stereolithography, photosensitizers, photo-reduction, photo-oxidation
- DOI
- DOI:10.3390/catal10030284 Opening in a new tab
- URL
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/3/284 Opening in a new tab
- Language
- eng (en) English
- License
- Score (nominal)
- 100
- Additional fields
- Indeksowana w: Web of Science, Scopus
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUTdc97ab6fbcca4e1ab62084d888563054/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUTdc97ab6fbcca4e1ab62084d888563054
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.