The application of two‐dimensional hydrodynamic models for underwater archaeological finds from the Vistula River in Warsaw, Poland
Authors:
- Hubert Kowalski,
- Artur Magnuszewski,
- Artur Radecki‐Pawlik
Abstract
Low water levels occurring on the Warsaw section of the Vistula River during droughts in 2012 and 2015 stirred considerable interest by exposing parts of the riverbed. The river's low flow discharge created favourable conditions for archaeologists who, from the river's bottom, managed to salvage sculptures, architectural artefacts, and military accessories dating back to the middle of the 17th century. Literature shows that archaeological finds at the bottom of a major lowland river are unique and are attributed to very specific hydrological and geological conditions. Embankments and works meant to regulate the channel of the Vistula River in Warsaw narrowed the channel and accelerated the erosion of the river's bottom. A comparison of rating curves created between 1919 and 2015 shows that the river's bottom had lowered by 225 cm. The diameter of sediment particles that could be moved at maximum shear stress has been calculated using the Meyer–Peter and Muller formula. According to the calculated shear stress corresponding to the highest historical flood of 1844 particles smaller than 0.05 m were transported down the river, and it is true that artefacts of that size had not been collected at the site. Taking into consideration the very specific geological and hydrological conditions, we believe that finding so many 17th century artefacts with a well‐documented history at a site at the bottom of major lowland river with intensive channel processes is indeed unique. Additionally, it is the first time that results of hydrodynamic modelling have been successfully used for archaeological survey to define the critical shear stress and the smallest diameter of artefacts, which could remain stable on a river's bottom.
- Record ID
- CUTea5d0f00606a4920a55e135061e43222
- Publication categories
- ;
- Author
- Journal series
- Hydrological Processes, ISSN 0885-6087, e-ISSN 1099-1085, [1099-1085]
- Issue year
- 2018
- Vol
- 32
- No
- 18
- Pages
- 2888-2900
- Other elements of collation
- fot.; rys.; tab.; wykr.; Bibliografia (na s.) - 2898-2900; Oznaczenie streszczenia - Abstr.; Data udostępnienia on-line - 2018-07-18; Numeracja w czasopiśmie - Vol. 32, Iss. 18
- Keywords in English
- 2D hydrodynamic model, hydrology, sediment transport, underwater archaeology, Vistula River
- DOI
- DOI:10.1002/hyp.13234 Opening in a new tab
- URL
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hyp.13234?af=R Opening in a new tab
- Language
- eng (en) English
- Score (nominal)
- 40
- Additional fields
- Indeksowana w: Web of Science, Scopus
- Uniform Resource Identifier
- https://cris.pk.edu.pl/info/article/CUTea5d0f00606a4920a55e135061e43222/
- URN
urn:pkr-prod:CUTea5d0f00606a4920a55e135061e43222
* presented citation count is obtained through Internet information analysis, and it is close to the number calculated by the Publish or PerishOpening in a new tab system.